These governorates are subdivided into 61 districts (sing. In alphabetical order these governorates are: Aleppo, Al-Hasakah, Al-Suwayda, Daraa, Damascus, Deirez-zor, Hama, Homs, Idlib, Latakia, Quneitra, Raqqa, Rifdimashq and Tartus. Syria (officially, Syrian Arab Republic) is a unitary republic divided into 14 governorates (sing. Dozens of much smaller rivers flow down into the central valleys. Significant bodies of water include Lake al-Assad (a man-made reservoir,) created by a dam on the Euphrates River.The Euphrates and its longest tributary, the Khabur, (both rising in the mountains of Turkey) are the major rivers. The rest of the country is covered by the undulating plains of the Syrian Desert where the elevation varies from 300 to 500m. Several smaller mountains are scattered about Syria. It has been marked with a yellow upright triangle. The highest point, Mt Hermon, stands in the far southwest at 2,814 m. The former marks the country's boundary with Lebanon. The coastline of Syria is around 180 km long and features sandy bays, low cliffs, and rocky headlands.Īs observed on the map above, the landscape of the west-central and northern regions of Syria are dominated by the Anti-Lebanon and Bishri mountains. In general terms, Syria is a flat desert plateau, dissected by mountains with a narrow coastal plain to the west that fronts the Mediterranean Sea. The Middle East has natural beauty, cities that resemble paradises, and a vibrant community and culture.Syria occupies an area of around 185,180 sq. The Middle East has begun to become more well known due to its abundance of breathtaking mainstream and niche tourist destinations. The Middle East is stunning, fantastical, and draws a wide range of ardent travelers. The largest cities in the Middle East are Istanbul(Turkey), Cairo (Egypt), Baghdad (Iraq), Tehran (Iran), Alexandria (Egypt), Riyadh (Saudi Arabia), Ankara (Turkey), Dubai (UAE), Jeddah (Saudi Arabia), and Izmir (Turkey). The Middle East has been at the core of numerous global challenges and political concerns due to its economic, religious, and geographic location. It is also recognized as the birthplace of the three main world religions: Judaism, Islam, and Christianity. The Middle East is well known for its enormous oil reserves in terms of economy. The Afro-Asiatic language family is represented by Arabic and Hebre. According to the number of speakers, the top six languages in the Middle East are Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Kurdish, Hebrew, and Greek. Only this state has borders on both the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf.īahrain is the least populated country in the Middle East as well as smallest country by area. The Gulf of Aqaba divides it from Israel and Egypt, and it is encircled by Oman, the United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Qatar, Bahrain, Jordan, and Iraq. The largest nation in the Middle East, fifth largest in Asia, and second largest in the Arab World is Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia is the largest country by area in the Middle East. Among the countries of the Middle East, Egypt, Iran and Turkey are the most populous countries. However, Alfred Thayer Mahan, an American naval strategist, used the term “Middle East" in 1902 to classify the territory between “Arabia and India." The Middle East is also known as the "Near East," the "Middle East and North Africa" or "MENA," "Arab World," "Islamic World," and "Muslim World." Thirteen of the eighteen Middle Eastern nations are Arab World. The term "Middle East" was most likely coined by the British India Office in the nineteenth century.
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